Japan Council for Sustainable Development

Japan Council for Sustainable Development Free Online Research Papers Despite the fact that the little nation of Japan just possesses 0.3% of all out land zone and 2.3 % of our universes all out populace, it gets about 20% of the universes yearly shipment carriages. This huge economy is just an ongoing wonders achieved over the most recent 100 years. Albeit monetary development is useful for a nation it achieves issues to the earth. Along these lines, and Agenda 21, the Japan Council for Sustainable Development was built up. The gatherings point is to empower and encourage correspondence between the individuals concerning significant issues of feasible turn of events. Before the board was even settled Japan made the Basic natural law which is the reason for all of japanese ecological arrangement. The law has two or three essentials for ecological strategy. The happiness and progression of ecological gifts, production of a reasonable society which forces less weight on the earth, and worldwide participation for the preservation of the worldwide condition are three fundamental standards for natural approach. The National Agenda 21 Action Plan and the Basic Environmental Plan are two proposition conceived to help put forth solid attempts towards viably executing and following Agenda 21 in Japan. The Basic Environmental Plan recommends four long haul goals which are ecologically solid material cycle, amicable concurrence, open support, and universal exercises. An earth sound material cycle is encouraged by building a financial framework where ecological burden from human exercises is limited. The connection among mankind and the assorted untamed life and the indigenous habitat is the thing that Japan makes progress toward to make an agreeable presence. Open Participation is a key to long haul viability of Agenda 21. Support of all individuals from a general public in natural preservation exercises is major. On the off chance that the general population decides not to follow the arrangement, at that point the arrangement is simply thoughts without any activities so it is essential to get the general population to concur and take part in natural protection. The import-trade proportion in Japan is around 8 to 1, which is route higher than some other nation. 500 million tons of mechanical waste and 50 million tons of house hold squanders are made in Japan. Of the 500 tons of mechanical waste 1/3 is reused while others are burned and left to sit in land slopes. As a result of the gigantic measures of squanders that stream into Japan a tremendous amount of squanders are likewise made. Ecological Law in Japan appears to point Japan the correct way, yet with such monstrous measures of squanders produces it is difficult to see prompt outcomes. Without all the recommendations by Japanese ecological legislators going as arranged outcomes will be difficult to find. Exploration Papers on Japan Council for Sustainable DevelopmentPETSTEL examination of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Tesco Company Structure and Leadership Assignment

Tesco Company Structure and Leadership - Assignment Example All these official staff reports to the Group CEO and the Board of Directors. TESCO has a lot of official positions a reality that mirrors the group’s complex tasks. Tesco is sorted out progressively with and its hierarchical structure takes the state of an extremely tall pyramid. The Tesco couldn't have picked a superior chief that Philip Clarke to head the world second biggest basic food item chain in the serious business condition. Clarke started his profession at Tesco in 1974 and has built up his administration abilities in the Tesco the board preparing program (Tesco PLC 2014). His wide involvement with Retail the board is probably the best quality as the CEO of Tesco. Since his arrangement as the CEO in March 2011, Tesco income has developed significantly and the general store has overwhelmed Carrefour to possess the situation of world biggest retail chain by income assortment and productivity. Tesco offers its clients a scope of items and benefits and has accompanied a few new Store ideas in the UK and in different areas where it works (Lowe and Wrigley 2009). Tesco today offers a modest other option and premium quality great in its own-mark item run. Tesco’s best line of food marks offers the best quality items at the most elevated level (Humby, Hunt and Phillips 2008). Tesco’s primary income bases have been for the most part food things however they have as of late differentiated into the non-food advertise. As of late, retail chains have understood that non-food things have higher net revenues than food things (Seth and Randall 2001). By 2004, Tesco was acquiring 20% of their business income from non-food things (Humby, Hunt and Phillips 2008). Dress is among the quickest developing Tesco income streams with Cherokee, Florence and Fred catching in excess of 4 percent pieces of the overall industry in their first year of presentation (Ma, Ding and Hong 2010).

Camaro Essay -- Automobiles Chevrolet Camaros Essays

Camaro The name â€Å"Camaro† originated from a French word for companion. The choice on the name came down to the latest possible time, with the majority of the world sure the vehicle would be named, â€Å"The Panther.† Although the weird name must be disclosed to people in general, Camaro fit in with other Chevy names-Corvette, Chevelle, Chevy 2, and Corvair. The principle reason the Camaro was presented was a direct result of the immense achievement of the Ford Mustang. The Camaro was generally a similar size as the Mustang, a little more extensive and dependent on execution. The Camaro is one of the final muscle vehicles still underway today. It is just fitting that purchasers despite everything anticipate most extreme execution from their Camaros. It is that desire that has kept the Camaro alive for every one of these years, while numerous different vehicles have blurred away, lost in memory. The Mustang GT just offered the 289-cubic inch or a 390-cubic inch V8 in 1967. The Camaro turned out with 302, 327, 350, and 396 cubic inch V8’s (Camaro 14) The Camaro’s style was a lot of smoother also. The presentation of the Camaro tossed horse vehicle improvement into a free for all. Prior to the Camaro, the Mustang and Barracuda were not exactly viewed as full muscle vehicles. Most genuine execution devotees despite everything decided on middle estimated GTO’s or the Chevelle Super Sports (SS). The Camaro changed the picture of those game cars. (Camaros, Eric Ethan) The Z28 and the bold SS-396 were something other than an upscale ride. In the engine Camaros were very much regarded. Such regard set up the Camaro as the chief elite horse vehicle. Camaro deals expanded every year structure 1967-1969. Right up 'til the present time, these Camaros are the most loved among fans. The Camaro brings an awful kid picture to the road and the track. The vehicle has consistently been founded on hustling in any event, when the Camaro was not authoritatively included. â€Å"It’s at home racing, and hustling endlessly from comfort stores after hold-ups. Along these lines, media has given the Camaro an awful kid reputation.†(American Muscle Cars, 47) 1969 saw a few essential changes to the Camaro. The flame broil got further set, the taillamps were longer and more slender and broken into three sections. A substantial eye-forehead wrinkle was included the two sides of the vehicle reaching out from the front wheel well to the back wheel well. A coordinating wrinkle went from the back wheel well to the back quarter board. Endura rubbe... ...white was maybe more qualified to the more established vehicles, however the look was all the while striking. Chevrolet even resuscitated the inside with 30th commemoration logos. White wheels added with the impact. 1998 was a major year for the Camaro. It got a significant refreshening with body redesigns including another front sash, another hood, composite reflector headlamps, and new bumpers. The 1998 model additionally got suspension redesigns, another 4-wheel circle slowing mechanism and another non-freezing stopping device framework (ABS). In any case, the greatest overhaul was the all new LS1 V8 motor for the Camaro Z28. This new motor produces 335 strength. That’s more than double the standard torque offered in the 1982 Z28, to sparkle somewhat point of view on the condition of current elite. Albeit most Camaros sold during that time have not been execution models, it is as yet the picture and notoriety of the different Super Sports, Z28’s, Pace Cars, and IROC-Zs that have characterized the Camaro and kept the vehicle in the open eye. While other vehicle designs have changed, Camaro purchasers despite everything need amazing V8s driving the genuine wheels, ideally with a manual transmission between the two. Given the chance, they will purchase execution.

Ratio Analysis of Next Plc

Business Accounts †Assignment I Introduction Next plc is a retailer established 1864 in the United Kingdom, that sells men’s, women’s and children’s wear yet additionally has a home product division. Their garments wear are a la mode yet moderate. All through the United Kingdom and Ireland there are more than 550 Next stores in addition to 50 establishments working in Asia, Europe and The Middle East. This report will break down and plot the company’s productivity, liquidity, dissolvability and speculation possibilities dependent on 15 ratios.All data is taken from the Next plc 2011 explanation. Productivity and Performance The gross benefit proportion shows that Next plc had the option to keep up their gross benefit. It has diminished unimportantly by 0. 05%. In 2011 the income has expanded by around 47 Million, consequently the deals of costs expanded relatively to this. The explanation behind the expansion could be either a presentation of a more c ostly product offering or only an acquisition of more merchandise. One explanation could be that because of greater levels of popularity they needed to load up their inventories.This proportion shows that the organization had the option to support a similar degree of expenses in year 2011, yet additionally that the exchanging division effectively haggled better costs with providers. The working edge has encountered an expansion in numbers from 15. 55% to 16. 64%. It appears that Next plc figured out how to control their costs all the more productively. On the pay articulation one can see that the organization expenses and circulation costs have diminished. This could be because of cuts in wages or lease. When all is said in done, in any case, it tends to be said that Next plc improved their expense accounting.This could be a clarification for the expansion in the working edge proportion. The advantage turnover proportion has fallen marginally by 0. 05. An explanation behind this cou ld be somewhat higher interests in fixed resources like plant or gear. With everything taken into account however, they have figured out how to keep up utilizing their benefits, yet in future they should attempt to utilize their current resources all the more successfully. One can see that the arrival on capital utilized proportion has encountered a development of 3. 28%. Similarly concerning the working edge, a potential explanation behind this could be significant cuts in organization costs and conveyance costs.This proportion shows that the organization has expanded its productivity at making benefits out of the cash they have put resources into and fundamentally demonstrates that Next plc realizes how to utilize their assets effectively and control their expenses successfully. When all is said in done, these proportions show that the benefit and execution of Next plc is extremely positive. Liquidity and Efficiency Liquidity proportions demonstrate how productively an organizatio n can take care of its present moment and long haul commitments. The stock days have expanded by 8 days. This shows they save hold of their stock for a more drawn out time of time.It appears that the interest for their items has diminished. Exchange receivables have expanded by 2 days, which implies that Next plc gets cash from their clients somewhat later than in year 2010. A potential purpose behind this is a general ascent in joblessness and consequently â€Å"limited developments of buyer credit† (Next Plc, 2011). In any case, getting cash from their clients later than previously, the organization has figured out how to take care of their leasers quicker in 2011 than in 2010 (exchange payable days have diminished by 2 days). This is probably going to demonstrate a higher effectiveness of adjusting expenses and incomes on the company’s part.In a more extensive setting roughly 80 days are a moderately lengthy timespan to reimburse credits. This could from one perspec tive exhibit the creditors’ trust in Next plc and their capacity to repay, however it is additionally conceivable that the organization basically battles to take care of credits any prior. For this situation however the exchange payable days are presumably high because of good arrangements of the buy division with their providers. This supposition that depends on the way that Next Plc has a high measure of money. The present and snappy proportions have marginally fallen.The current proportion is still over 1, which means the organization doesn't have any issues meeting their momentary commitments. An explanation behind this slight decay could be that there has been an expansion in their transient obligation. For this situation their present liabilities did really increment. For whatever length of time that the present proportion, which considers, is higher than 1, they don't encounter any issues reimbursing their transient liabilities. In any case, the fast proportion is litt ler than 1 and has possibly diminished in 2011. Because of this Next Plc may have issues taking care of their momentary liabilities if deals diminishes in the following years.In general however, they appear to have a somewhat decent capacity to produce money and pay off their commitments. Dissolvability The outfitting proportion is by all accounts hugely high. This could be expected their significant investment funds. It appears that they are repurchasing their own offers maybe so as to set something aside for ventures like rearrangements or speculations. It has diminished significantly from 2010 to 2011 most likely on the grounds that they decreased their non-current liabilities. High outfitting should be dangerous and furthermore brings about paying higher interests. Their advantage spread has ascended by 2, perhaps because of the way that the intrigue figure has fallen by 1.This methods they can take care of their advantage about multiple times more than in the earlier year. A po tential purpose behind this could be a decrease in intrigue. As a rule, Next’s intrigue installments appear to be sheltered. They are producing enough incomes to meet intrigue costs. Financial specialists Ratios Investor proportions are typically utilized by speculators so as to look at in the event that it merits putting their cash in an organization. They screen these figures over years so as to settle on a â€Å"right† choice. The income per share proportion has expanded from 188. 5p to 221. 9p.The explanation behind this is the benefit after assessment has expanded in 2011 and the quantity of customary offers declined by 33. 4. This carelessly brings about the procuring per share being higher. A purpose behind the decrease in quantities of conventional offers could be that Next Plc repurchased shares. The profit yield has encountered a development by 0. 46. This implies speculators get more cash than in year 2010. A purpose behind this is the present market has not changed more than two years, the cost stayed stable. In 2011 the profit spread has fallen marginally by 0. 26.A conceivable explanation could be that they have chosen to build the profits per share according to benefit after assessment. The cost/procuring proportion has encountered a decrease by 0. 021. This shows in 2011 financial specialists get their cash back somewhat faster contrasted with 2010. This could be expected the decrease in quantities of offers; which means Next Plc could stand to give out profits quicker. Conservative position Debenhams plc is one of Next’s principle contenders. It very well may be savvy to analyze the conservative condition of pertinent rivals so as to pass judgment on a company’s achievement. Debenhams’ ROCE-proportion shows incredibly lower figures than Next Plc. 010 the ROCE was 13. 94% and 2011 12. 34%. As a matter of first importance, one can see that it has diminished in 2011 and contrasted with Next plc it is generally 4 5% lower in the two years. It is essential to note here that Next plc expanded their ROCE though Debenhams Plc’s diminished. This shows Next plc is very increasingly proficient in making benefits out of the cash they have put resources into. In view of the present proportion one can say that Debenhams plc would be battling to take care of their momentary commitments since it is under 1 though Next Plc would have no issues since theirs is above 1.The intrigue spread is additionally much lower contrasted with Next plc. In any case, Debenhams plc’s intrigue spread has expanded by around 3% it is as yet 17% lower than Next Plc’s. This demonstrates Next plc either has more prominent benefits or Debenhams plc has higher interests. With everything taken into account, it appears that Next plc was not gravely influenced by the downturn contrasted with Debenhams plc. All in all, it tends to be said that Next plc effectively figured out how to keep up and even decrease the ir expenses and boost their benefit particularly because of Next Directory, which has expanded by 7. 1%.Although the affordable condition is fairly frail they could yet conquer these deterrents and make a gainful year in 2010 and even increment their benefit in 2011. The general monetary circumstance is probably going to experience the ill effects of the overall outcomes of the budgetary emergency just as the European Euro emergency specifically. This implies Next plc needs to figure out how to turn out to be progressively serious to keep up their high benefits. For example, they could put resources into promoting to pull in more clients and henceforth increment and continue deals. The main proportion that they may need to stress marginally over is the fast ratio.But as long as they keep their deals up the present proportion doesn't appear to be any issue whatsoever. With everything taken into account, a large portion of the proportions show that Next plc is generally speaking a fru itful development organization. They demonstrated its seriousness notwithstanding the conservative decrease in retail and in the customer value list, which has diminished to 4. 2% from 5. 2%. Particularly, when contrasting Next plc with its fundamental rival one can see that they effectively kept their deals up. For the most part, the proportions demonstrate that Next plc has a generally solid and stable financial achievement, while controlling their expenses effectively.All proportions, particularly the profit yield, demonstrate that the organization is a profoundly productive organization to put resources into. Reference List http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-15344297 https://fame2. bvdep. com/adaptation 2012113/Report. serv? _CID=63&context=2A6M7EI864H8BPQ&SeqNr=0 http://www. nextplc. co. uk/~/media/Files/N/Next-PLC/pdfs/reports-and-results/2010/2011-03-24a. pdf http://www. nextplc. co. uk/about-next/our-history. aspx http://www. nextplc. co. uk/about-next/business-re view. aspx http://www. retai

Criminology Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminology Theories - Research Paper Example In such manner, the study of Criminology can be viewed as that manages a comprehension of the idea of violations that happen inside a general public, in this way concentrating on deciding the reason for the wrongdoing and the prime suspects related with a wrongdoing (Siegel 5). Corresponding to this science, there are sure hypotheses †demonology, old style, positivism, mental †that can be related with specific violations, in this examination the cases being the previously mentioned ones. Give us access brief comprehend what these ideas mean so as to relate them to these cases, as examined later in the investigation. The idea of demonology in criminology characteristics a demonstration of wrongdoing to different powers on the planet and not the individual performing it (Einstadter and Stuart 31). In this manner this would consider outside variables to have impacted a person towards carrying out a wrongdoing. The traditional hypothesis of crimeâ stresses that people are people who are independent,â and henceforth a criminal demonstration is perpetrated by them followingâ sensible and wary retribution; the execution of a wrongdoing gives more contentmentâ as contrasted with torment (â€Å"Classical Theory of Crime Causation†). Positivism hypothesis manages an efficient use of the logical technique, the examinations dependent on legitimate terms, and measurements identified with it (â€Å"Positivism†). Here the entertainer is thought to be centered arou nd more than the demonstration. Finally, the mental speculations of wrongdoing are of the conviction that distinctions in conduct among people are fit for making a few people increasingly inclined to carrying out violations. These distinctions emerge from factors like the character qualities, natural variables, or connections in the general public (â€Å"Psychological Theories of Crime†). In the present investigation these four hypotheses would be concentrated to see how they are related with the instances of mass or sequential killings as

Dependent Variable in Experiments

Dependent Variable in Experiments Student Resources Print Dependent Variable in Experiments By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 29, 2019 skynesher / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment. For example, in a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores, the dependent variable would be the participants test scores, since that is what is being measured. In a psychology experiment, researchers are looking at how changes in the independent variable cause changes in the dependent variable. One way to help identify the dependent variable is to remember that it depends on the independent variable. When researchers make changes to the independent variable, they then measure any resulting changes to the dependent variable. Examples of Dependent Variables As you are learning to identify the dependent variables in an experiment, it can be helpful to look at examples. Here are just a few examples of psychology research using dependent and independent variables. A researcher is interested in studying how the amount of time spent studying influences test scores. In this example, the amount of studying would be the independent variable and the test scores would be the dependent variable. The test scores vary based on the amount of studying prior to the test. The researcher could change the independent variable by instead evaluating how age or gender influence test scores.A health psychologist wants to learn more about how stress influences memory. In this example, the dependent variable might be test scores on a memory test and the independent variable might exposure to a stressful task.A psychologist is interested in studying how a therapeutic technique influences the symptoms of psychological disorders. In this case, the dependent variable might be defined as the severity of the symptoms a patient is experiencing, while the independent variable would be the use of this specific therapy method.In a psychology experiment, researchers want to d iscover if listening to classical music helps students earn better grades on a math exam. In this example, the scores on the math exams are the dependent variable and the classical music is the independent variable.Researchers are interested in seeing how long it takes people to respond to different sounds. In this example, the length of time it takes participants to respond to a sound is the dependent variable, while the sounds are the independent variable.Researchers want to know whether first-born children learn to speak at a younger age than second-born children. In this example, the dependent variable is the age at which the child learns to speak and the independent variable is whether the child is first- or second-born.Researchers are interested in looking at how alcohol use influences reaction times while driving. The amount of alcohol a participant ingests is the independent variable, while their performance on the driving test is the dependent variable. How to Identify the Dependent Variable Experiments can range from simple to quite complicated, so sometimes it can be a bit confusing to learn how to identify the independent and dependent variables. Here are a few things you can do to help you remember which is which: Which variable is the experimenters measuring? If it is something that varies in response to changes in another variable, it is a dependent variable. In many psychology experiments and studies, the dependent variable is a measure of a certain aspect of a participants behavior.In an experiment looking at how sleep impacts test performance, the dependent variable would test performance because its a measure of the participants behavior.The dependent variable is dubbed dependent because it is thought to depend in some way on the variations of the independent variable.Which variable does the experimenters manipulate? The independent variable is deemed independent because the experimenters are free to vary it as they need. Choosing Dependent Variables So, how do researchers determine what a good dependent variable will be? Stability is often a good sign of a quality dependent variable. If the same experiment is repeated with the same participants, conditions, and experimental manipulations, the effects on the dependent variable should be very close to what they were the first time around. It is also important to remember that while some studies may only have one dependent variable and one independent variable, it is also possible to have several of each type of variable. For example, researchers might want to learn how variables in a single independent variable affect several distinct dependent variables. For example, imagine an experiment where a researcher wants to learn how the messiness of a room influences peoples creativity levels. However, the research might also want to see how the messiness of a room might influence a persons mood. The messiness of a room would be the independent variable, but the study would have two dependent variables: levels of creativity and mood.

Free Persuasive Essay about Lowering Minimum Drinking Age

Lowering the Drinking Age to 18 Will Not Solve Drinking Associated Issues Alcohol-Related Problems Background The trends in alcohol consumption have risen a lot of public health concerns, especially among the young population. As a result, some groups have come up to voice for need in the implementation of changes to manage this situation. In 2009, chancellors and presidents of 135 schools signed the Amethyst Initiative that sought debate attention over the minimum drinking age. The drinking trend has shown a significant drop among adults aged 18-20 in the past decade. An increase in drinking among people at the age of 21-24 has been noted. The general trend in drinking shows a decrease since the drinking age was increased. Alcohol abuse-related problems depicted a constant drop between 1980 and 1997. However, the number of alcohol-related problems has been changing since 1997 with the intermittent up and downward surges (Henry and Toben, 2010, p.1).

Homeopathic remedies (argumentative Free Essay Example, 2750 words

The point that the critiques insist on is the doubt over the considerably low doses used in homeopathic treatment. On the other side a scientifically well backed theory behind the working principle of such small doses is yet to be properly defined by researchers in the field. The contradictory factor between the conventional medicinal fields and homeopathic treatment is that while the basic principle of conventional medicine is that the higher the dose the stronger would be the effect, homeopathic remedies depend on the most minuscule amount of dose. This controversy in the basic theory has led to many researches enquiring the efficacy of homeopathy (Rite Care, 2009). Many literatures are available in this context and has reiterated homeopathy as a highly beneficial branch of medicine. There are a number of evidences as tested by the experts proving the advantages of homeopathic remedies. In account of these increasing proofs, the medical industry and the allied researchers are turn ing their attention towards homeopathic remedies. The legal and the political framework pertaining to the medical policies of different countries and regions have also started to give emphasis on homeopathy and its remedial approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Homeopathic remedies (argumentative or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In totality, the increasing awareness on the utility of homeopathy and the increasing dependency on the same confirm the efficacy of homeopathic remedies. The objective of this essay is to critically analyze the benefits of homeopathic remedies. The essay makes reference to different literatures available in the context confirming the benefits of homeopathic remedies. The branch of medicine is being critically analyzed for its safety, alignment with generic medical policies, legal standings, preparatory methodology, dosage, side effects and remedial impacts. Health & Safety Any medical system should highly emphasize on the health and the long term effects that its products would cause on the patients. Thus the high dose based systems should take special care and characterization of the doses in accordance with the health and physical conditions of the patients. In this context is should be taken into account that the percentage of medically active substances in homeopathic medicines are miniscule in count. Thus homeopathic remedies become of non-toxic nature with no regard to the medical and physical condition of the patients (Rite Care, 2009). To explain it further, homeopathic medicines will not at any cost cause toxic effects no matter what ever age and which ever physical and medical condition is involved.

John J. Crittenden - 1245 Words

1. John J. Crittenden John J. Crittenden was the senator, born in Kentucky, who proposed the Crittenden Compromise, a proposal for a compromise between the Northern and southern States. The Crittenden Compromise proposed that there should be states that have slavery and that satisfy the southern demands but that the Missouri Compromise line should be redrawn. Although the southern states were willing to agree with this compromise, the northern states and the Republican Party were against this compromise for allowing future expansion of slavery and slave states. The Republican Party was unable to agree with this compromise since it did not solve the issue of slavery and the fugitive slave laws; the only difference this compromise provided was the reconfiguration of the Missouri Compromise line, which separated the slave and free states. John J. Crittenden was significant because his compromise was not able to be agreed upon by the South and the North; the break or the failure of this compromise further an gered both sides of the United States. 2. Fort Sumter Fort Sumter was a fort located at Charleston harbor in South Carolina. The attack from the Southern army at Fort Sumter started the Civil War between the Northern and Southern States. Abraham Lincoln sent help to the Union Army with food and resources that were short to Fort Sumter. However, the Confederate Government, the Southern and slave states, decided to capture the Fort instead of allowing the UnionShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Gettysburg During The Civil War847 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many instances in which Family members fought on opposing sides of the war, for example: the Culp Family from Pennsylvania, Crittenden Family from Kentucky. Even President Lincoln’s wife had members of her family that fought on opposing sides. This is the perfect example of people fighting for their own cause not just because there was a line drawn on a map. Before the Battle of Gettysburg even started many soldiers had fought side by side in multiple battles as US Soldiers, where manyRead MoreThe Crittenden Compromise And Alexander H. Stephens s Corner Stone893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crittenden Compromise and Alexander H. Stephens’s â€Å"Corner Stone† speech are two significant pre-Civil War sources that serve to give insight to students of history about the ultimate cause of secession and the War: slavery. Both documents show that this institution was a central facet of the South’s identity but do so in dissimilar ways. The Compromise demonstrates this merely by needing to be created since it was meant to salvage the Union by protecting slavery for the South. Stephens’s speechRead MorePresidency of Abraham Lincoln Essays1486 Words   |  6 Pagescompromise efforts the Democrats presented two nominees: Douglas for the northern wing, and Vice President John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky for the southern. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln at the convention in Chicago. The nomination of Lincoln showed a growing power of the Midwest, and perceived more a reasonable on slavery than the early front runner, Senator William H. Seward of New York. John Bell of Tennessee was nominated by a Constitutional Union Party that was formed to conserve the nationRead MoreEssay about Jesse James1545 Words   |  7 Pageshunted down Jesses old leader. (Stiles 61) After that, for the first time ever, the newspapers mentioned Jesse James. He loved the attention. James became involved with an ex-Confederate shortly thereafter. He was also a newspaper editor. His name was John Newman Edwards. Jesse used this to his advantage, making a myth of himself as almost a hero of the South. His myth was very similar to that of Robin Hood. In his case, he was a hero who helped poor Missourians that were hurt by radical RepublicansRead MoreThe Relationship Between Adult Attachment Classification and Symptoms of Depression1652 Words   |  7 Pagescollected. It is hypothesized that participants with a preoccupied or fearful style (negative view of self) will have higher levels of depression symptoms as compared to participants with a Secure or Dismissing style (positive view of self). John Bowlby once proclaimed that attachment relationships were important for humans across the life cycle and that attachment behaviours characterised human interaction â€Å"from the cradle to the grave† (Bowlby, 1979). This theory was developed from his observationsRead MoreThe Election Of 1848 And Emerging Sectional Divide Between The North And The South Over The Issue Of Slavery1708 Words   |  7 Pagespresident in 1860. (Keene and others 2013, 366). In 1857 a radical abolitionist named John Brown had begun planning to destroy slavery. He encouraged violent slave revolts and was a veteran of Bleeding Kansas. On October 16, 1859, Brown and a group of followers attacked and captured the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, from which they had planned to supply slaves with arms for an insurrection. This was known as John Brown’s Raid and he along with several other were taken prisoner and found guiltyRead MoreThe Website Design And Slogan Of Bon Appe tite Mes Ami 1033 Words   |  5 Pagescommunicated and should be made to the specific person or persons or to the class of persons or to the whole world. Placing an advertisement in the newspaper does not bind a seller to accept at the first reply. For example, in the case of Partridge v Crittenden, the classified advertisement about the price of Bramblefinch hens does not constitute to the offer, but an invitation to treat. It is generally accepted that goods on display in a shop constitute an invitation to treat rather than an offer. TheRead MoreEssay about Kentuckys Divided Loyalties During the Civil War4664 Words   |  19 Pageshowever, was only about thirty-six hundred. Archibald Dixon, who had been a Whig nominee for governor against Powell, was elected United States senator in the place of Henry Clay, resigned. The hour of Democratic supremacy was at hand. In 1856, John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky, the Democratic nominee for Vice President, was elected, with James Buchanan as President. Breckinridge was peculiarly fitted to become a leader of the Democratic forces of his State. His sympathies went out ardently towardRead MoreShort Term and Long Term Causes of the Civil War Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery was in fact the cause for this crisis. They compared their movement to the war of American Independence, while political leaders everywhere tried to formulate methods in order to resolve the crisis. One great example of this was Senator John J Crittenden of Kentucky, who’s plan would guarantee the future of slavery in the west by extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean. Abraham Lincoln however took an uncompromising stand against the expansion of slavery. He denied the statesRead MoreWas War Against The Confederate States of America Justified?1439 Words   |  6 Pagescivil war. The first option, a compromise, was not possible simply because the South would not accept any compromise presented to it. After South Carolina seceded in December of 1860, the government scrambled to find a solution to conflict. John J. Crittenden proposed a set of four resolutions: first, the Missouri Compromise line would be restored; second, abolition would be prohibited on Southern federal property; third, compensation would be given to owners of runaways; and lastly, the word â€Å"slavery†

Throughout centuries, scientists have discovered new and...

Throughout centuries, scientists have discovered new and improved ways of curing certain types of diseases with medical treatments that continue to be discovered. When newly discovered, many treatments and cures are controversial. Immediately, society questions whether or not these medical practices are reliable, safe, and ethical procedures. Such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as â€Å"electroshock†, a medical procedure where patients who may be victims of schizophrenia or depression are given electric shocks where the â€Å"currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. ECT seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental illnesses† (Mayo Clinic Staff).†¦show more content†¦Once this stage is completed, the now specialized cells can regenerate and strengthen the area which was once weak. It started in 1908, where â€Å"the term stem cell was proposed for scientific use by the Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov at congress of hematologic society in Berlin. It postulated existence of haematopoietic stem cells† (â€Å"Stem Cell Key†). A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell removed from blood or bone marrow that can specialize into many different type of cells throughout the body. This specific cell can exit the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream with the ability of self-destructing if the cell becomes harmful to the body (also known as apoptosis). In 1913, Spanish anatomist Santiago Ramon y Cajal claimed â€Å"In the adult centers the nerve paths are something fixed, ended and immutable† (Erwin). This meant that new connections between synapses could not be made once existing synapses could not function anymore. However, in the 1960s, Joseph Altman and Gopal Das unravel findings leading to adult neuorgenesis, the process in which new neurons are created and placed around existing synapses to continue brain activity once o ld neurons are no longer useful. This in turn led to the idea that new connections could be made in the brain due to the birth of new neurons specializing to the region they are born in. In 1963, James Till and Ernest McCulloch, â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedRheumatoid Arthritis : A Popular Disease1883 Words   |  8 PagesThere are several causes of this disease and even still new causes are being discovered every day as scientists are seeking new routes of treatment. Rheumatoid Arthritis affects specific parts of the body such as the synovial membrane, particular types of cells, the skeletal system, and the cartilage located throughout the body. There are treatments that look to prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis in the early stages. Future research holds new and improved possibilities for Rheumatoid Arthritis. The diseaseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Day I Die 2937 Words   |  12 Pagestears and fell apart as it only took a second for me to realize that there was no way Babcia was going to live another day. Everybody started shushing me, whispering to me that it was disrespectful, but I didn’t care and ran upstairs. My caring cousin Paulina (whom I consider my sister to this day for all that she did for me growing up) did her best to comfort me and insisted that I go downstairs and spend the time I have left with my grandma but I never did, and I regret it to this day for being suchRead MoreThe Marijuana Growers Guide9909 Words   |  40 PagesTHE MARIJUANA GROWER S GUIDE by Mel Frank and Ed Rosenthal Typed by Ben Dawson Revised 1992 NOTE:- Footnotes have been placed in double brackets (()). Numbers throughout refer to bibliography and are sometimes in brackets, sometimes they aren t. 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Be it the Muslim Kings or the Mughals, we have integrated everyone into our culture. â€Å"Everybody looks different and dresses differentlyRead MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 Pages2002 American animated science fiction/family film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released on June 21, 2002.   Kullasatree 010 3EN   WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE DRINK? I love to drink strawberry yogurt smoothie about 2-3 times per week. You have to try out this quick and easy recipe for a healthy and delicious strawberry smoothie.You can add some ground flax seeds and a banana for some extra nourishment and a tablespoon of raw honey for sweetness. Ingredients: 10 ripe strawberries, washedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagescomprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and seriousRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesDefining scope 5.3 Creating a WBS 5.4 Tools and techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying

Essay about Use of Steroids in Sports - 1559 Words

As the use of performance enhancing drugs is becoming more popular among athletes, many of them dont understand the risks involved in taking these drugs. Many people are looking for a quick way to build muscle, or to get stronger the fastest way possible. Using these performance aids may very well be a quick fix for many athletes, but taking these supplements is unethical and dangerous. Using special drugs to boost an athletes performance is degrading to sports and to the athlete. The human body can produce the same substances naturally, without taking drugs, but people continue to load up on these supplements such as creatine or androstenedione. If the athlete is patient and works hard he can achieve the same strength that he would†¦show more content†¦In addition all of the studies that have been done to date have looked at creatine use for a short period of time, generally about a month. No one knows the effects of long [term] supplementation. This should cause great conc ern to athletes taking supplements such as creatine. The short term effects are very painful and can cause serious complications in the future. Also the long term effects which are unknown should be very worrisome. Would someone jump off a cliff not knowing how far of a drop it is to the ground It is common sense to not use a drug when the consequences are unknown. Body building supplements for the most part will give the extra energy an athlete needs to do a few more reps in the weight room, which will help build muscle faster. However, the dangers greatly outweigh the advantages. Writer for Newsweek, Karen Springen, states that, If it were so dangerous...it wouldnt be used so widely.(68) In response to that Joannie M. Schrof, writer for U.S. News world Report, quoted San Francisco Giants head physician William Straw, Too many athletes decide to use supplements until they are proven dangerous, when they should be holding off until they are proven safe.(53) A lot of supplements claim great strength gains and athletic improvement, but athletes get to caught up in the advantages that they dontShow MoreRelatedSteroid Use Of Sports On Sports1237 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Gallos English 3H 2 May 2016 Steroid use in Sports Steroid use in sports has became a large factor of impact in the sports world today. Everyone has their own opinion on it. They either enjoy watching athletes be ridiculously good at their sport, and they find it entertaining, or they like to see athletes play by the rules. Steroid use is a big part of most sports, mostly baseball. Most records held by the greatest of baseball players used steroids. Steroid usage has many negative effects. EvenRead MoreSteroid Use in Sports1732 Words   |  7 Pagesten to fifteen percent of professional athletes use illegal steroids which are also known as performance enhancing drugs. These substances which are banned in professional sports aren’t just any type of steroid or drug. They are called anabolic steroids or performance enhancing drugs, and they are synthetically produced substances of male testosterone hormones. The use of these illegal steroids has garnered a lot of publicity within the world of sports over the past few years. As athletes continueRead MoreUse Of Steroids For Sports Athletes1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Steroids in Sports Imagine yourself as a young professional athlete, who has been suffering from constant injuries. Physical therapy might help the injury heal but the time being wasted also plays a major factor. Your doctor and physician eventually bring up the conversation of early retirement unless you can show them that you’re capable of returning to your natural ways. Realizing that your career could be here today and gone tomorrow is something that every athlete thinks about. SuddenlyRead MoreSteroid Use Sports : Steroids Should Not Be Banned2008 Words   |  9 PagesSteroid use in sports When it comes to the topic of steroid use in sports, some of us will agree that it is a debatable topic. Where this argument usually ends, however, is on the question of whether or not it is cheating to use steroids while in a sport. Whereas some are convinced that it is not cheating due to the benefits it provides towards muscle growth and repair, others maintain their belief that it is a form of cheating because of the regulations that have been acted upon it. I agree thatRead MoreEssay about The Use of Steroids in Sports1299 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic associated sports. So much attention, time, and money are devoted to sports these days, maybe even too much. Perhaps all the pressure is what has sparked steroid use in sports and stimulated numerous controversies over the subject. The use of steroids is an unfair training method for sports. Unfairness is contrary to laws, marked by deception, and unethical. When the legality, lack of work and advantageousness, and cheating are examined it is easy to see how steroids are extremely unfairRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Use in Sports Summary1493 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic Steroid use in Sports The competitive drive to win at all cost is fierce among athletes. Winning at all cost often includes using one of many performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids. Many athletes use performance enhancing drugs, like steroids, to achieve higher goals and set higher records than other drug-free successful athletes. Although athletes are performing at higher levels when using such drugs, what is the cost? Finally anabolic steroids should remain bannedRead MoreThe Use of Steroids in Professional Sports Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use of Steroids in Professional Sports They’re among the world’s most controversial drugs. Not Heroin, Ganja, Coke or Crystal Meth, but Anabolic Steroids. Steroids are medical treatments that come in two varieties: Anabolic Steroids and Corticosteroids. These are both synthetic versions of hormones produced naturally in the body but they perform two completely different tasks. Corticosteroids are used by doctors to decrease inflammation. Anabolic Steroids are the familiar term for the syntheticRead More The Use of Steroids and Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1507 Words   |  7 PagesI have chosen to write my paper on the topic of steroids and performance enhancing substances that are used today in sports. In this paper I hope to focus on the steroids and performance enhancing drugs and how they have become a problem in sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anabolic steroid is a substance that is related to male sex hormones, known as testosterone. The word â€Å"Anabolic† means muscle building. The word â€Å"steroids† is just referred to as a drug name or a class of drug. Some athletes have made the decisionRead More Steroid Use in Pro Sports is Unethical Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you were a kid, didn’t you want to play a professional sport? What would you give to be one of the best athletes in the world? Would you risk your reputation? Your health? Would you be willing to die? Although many studies have come out saying that steroids diminish one’s health, people still take them hoping to be the best. Imagine if you were a 28 year old who left college early because a pro team â€Å"guaranteed† you that you would play in the big leagues. Yet you just got stuck inRead MoreThe Use of Steroids is Banned in Professional and Organiz ed Sports533 Words   |  2 PagesFormer NFL superstar and Hall of Famer, Lawrence Taylor once said, â€Å"Steroids are for guys who want to cheat opponents.† The use of steroids is banned in professional and organized sports. Performance enhancing drugs should not be accepted in professional sports. Performance enhancing drugs also known as PED’s, violate rules, give players an unfair advantage, and send a terrible message to young athletes. There are many types of PED’s but the main two are Lean Mass Builders and Stimulants. Lean mass

% Mgo Determination Free Essays

Vu Ngo % MgO Determination September 10, 2012 Procedure: Reference to lab manual Data: Mass of Na2EDTA†¢2H2O, g| . 9289| Standardization of EDTA Solution | Trial 1| Trial 2| Final buret reading, EDTA (mL)| 18. 5| 36. We will write a custom essay sample on % Mgo Determination or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7| Initial buret reading, EDTA(mL)| 0. 5| 18. 5| Determination of % MgO of Unknown Unknown Number | 4J| | Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3| Mass of sample (g)| 0. 2135| 0. 2132| 0. 2139| Final buret reading, EDTA (mL)| 73. 5| 74. 2| 74. 2| Initial buret reading, EDTA(mL)| 0. 5| 0| 0| Measurement of water blank Final buret reading, EDTA(mL)| 14. 5| Initial buret reading, EDTA(mL)| 14. 2| Sample Calculation: Given: Molar mass of Na2EDTA*2H2O, g/mol| 372. 25| Expected M of EDTA solution, mol/L (M)| 0. 01| Concentration of Zn2+, (M)| 0. 0125| 10mL*1L1000mL= 0. 01L C1V1=C2V2 .0125M. 010L)=C2(. 018L) C2=. 0125M*. 0100L. 0180L=. 00694M .00694M+. 0687M2=. 00691M C2=. 00691M. 073=5. 04*10-4mol %MgO=5. 04*10-4mol40. 05. 2135g*100=9. 51% Results: Standardization of EDTA Solution | Trial 1| Trial 2| Volume used, EDTA(mL)| 18. 0| 18. 2| Molarity of EDTA solution, (M)| 0. 00694| 0. 00687| Average Molarity of EDTA solution, (M)| 0. 00691| Determination of % MgO of Unknown | Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3| Volume used, EDTA (mL)| 73. | 74. 2| 74. 2| Mole of Mg2+in sample| 5. 04E-04| 5. 12E-04| 5. 12E-04| % of MgO in sample, %| 9. 52| 9. 69| 9. 66| Average % of MgO in sample, %| 9. 62| Error Analysis: The measurement of the sample in gram, have +/- . 0001g error. The measurement using the the buret have a +/- . 1mL error. These types of measurement error are based on the sensitivity of the instrument, du ring the measurement. These errors could cause the result to deviate from the actual answer. During the experiment, using titration to find the end point. Because of the end point was unknown, a single drop could determine its end point. There might be an extra drop that caused the data to vary as both parts of the experiment have determined. The first trial of both the experiment, the number is different, because of the unsure number of drops. Using the result from the first trial, the result of the second trial was more accurate. As proven from the experiment of determination of percent of MgO of the unknown. The sample 2 and sample 3 testing results in similarity that differ from the sample one. The sample used 73. 0 ml of the EDTA solution, while both samples 2 and 3 used 74. 2 ml of EDTA solution. This will cause a tip in the result toward a lower number used to find the end point. This error is not a major factor since it is only of my 1. 2 ml of the actual result. The percent of all three result of MgO is different under 1 percent different. Thus, a very reasonable result in all three of the experiment. Discussion: This experiment is to help us understand the reaction between an anion and the metal cation. It demonstrated the Lewis base understanding of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The goal was achieved through titration of the sample in multiple trials in order to find its endpoint. The end point was found when the pink coloration, due to EBT was added, turn into a blue/ violet color. This signified its endpoint of the sample. The result is good quality, because of the deviation from the first trial and last trial that was done on the same sample. The result is off by . 2ml in the standardization of EDTA solution. In the second part of the determination of % MgO of the unknown; the first, second, and third sample the percentage displaces is well under 1% difference. The result is worth 99% confident that the result is good quality, because of the consistency of the data. How to cite % Mgo Determination, Papers

Human Resource Analytics Click Now To Get Solution

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Analytics. Answer: Introduction Gold is a precious metal in this world because of its various applications. Therefore, understanding the way its prices are affected could be valuable to the investors. The gold prices are subject to external factors that affect the general pricing of gold throughout the world. Gold has been there for thousands of years and yet it has remained to be of value even today. That makes it an integral piece of the worlds economy. When gold prices go up, important aspects of the economy are affected such as fuel prices, food prices and so on (Rong Lijian 2008). Therefore, having knowledge regarding what affects the gold prices will aid the investors in beforehand preparations and insulation against trying economic times. The availability of gold is the primary factor that results in the fluctuation of gold prices. There are other factors, which this essay will address, that affect the gold availability, and in turn, they affect gold prices. Continuing Factors Iranzo et al. (2007) believe that availability of Gold affects the prices of gold. Whenever gold is in plenty, the prices of the gold will go down. The reduced prices are as a result of the increased rate of substitution. Since there are many points where the clients can get the gold, the gold sellers have less control over he prices. During times of scarcity, the gold prices will increase because of the low rate of substitution. Looking at the seasonality charts (See appendix 4), gold prices are high at the period after the May 5th all the way to December. After that, the prices are low after December until May creating a season. One such time when the gold prices are down is during a global crisis which results in the low confidence of investors in financial markets or governments. World events affect the gold prices because they affect the availability of gold in the world. When the Russians moved into Ukraine, the prices of Gold increased because the geopolitical instability was affecting the production of the metal. That increased the scarcity of the metal. One-Off Factors Gold prices are also affected by the demand and supply factors of its market. Gold is a metal known for its high demand since it has numerous uses. It can be used to create priced beauty ornaments that fetch extremely high prices. The metal is also an industrially preferred metal because of its high resistance to corrosion. That means it is long lasting and increases the productivity of the industries. Moreover, it has a high thermal and electrical conductivity making it even more precious to the industrial market. Manheim (2010) asserts that gold has a finite supply which means that it is a very scarce resource. Whenever it becomes available in the market, it is purchased at a faster rate. The high demand leads to under-supplication of the commodity. Because of the scarcity, the prices will increase. The charts show this effect between December and January (see appendix 3). As the year ends, the demand is high but the supply keeps on decreasing because the Gold is quickly purchased off the market. Central bank reserves are also a primary input in the prices of gold all around the world since they hold gold and paper currencies in their reserves. The purpose of doing this is to maintain the supply of these commodities in the market. When gold is in excess within the economy, there could be inflation which may occur (Roosma Saar 2012). Following appendix 2, it can be seen that the demand is high following the increased prices. As the gold is purchased from the market, the prices increase which show the effect that the Central Bank has on the gold prices. In a bid to avert the potential inflation, the Central Bank will buy gold from the economy and put it in storage. That will reduce the flow of these commodities in the market. That is why there is a seasonal pattern of gold prices for about twenty years where gold prices are low until May 5th but rise again from then to about December 5th. That is called the gold season seasonality. The mere fact that it occurred for the last t wenty out of thirty years increases the reliability and validity of this assertion. Interest rates are factors that affect the general prices of gold all over the world. Gold fails to pay interest in the same way a savings account or treasury bonds would. However, the current gold prices have often reflected a decline or increase in the interest rates (Lubienski Jameson 2016). When the interest rates hike up, the gold prices reduce since people will be selling their gold in a bid to free up funds to use for other investment opportunities. A decrease in the interest rates, however, results in an increase in gold prices. That is because people will want to save money and escape the effects of the high-interest rates. The gold price may increase later on because of the lower opportunity cost incurred in holding gold over other investments. Wealth protection is also a factor that affects the gold prices over the years. In the cases that result in economic uncertainty, investors will opt to invest in gold because of its value that is long lasting. According to Feiler (2006), gold is a metal that is unique because of its ability to withstand natures force of depreciation. That means that its depreciation is extremely low resulting in an enduring value. Thus, Gold is always a haven for investors during challenging economic times such as the economic recession of 2000. When the gold is in plenty, investors will purchase the gold to sell it when the prices are high. These investments reduce the supply of gold explaining the increase between December and January (see Appendix 1). Gold has been a hedge against trying economic times where gold prices are forced up. It has been a hedge for investors against deflation, inflation, and currency devaluation within an economy insulating investors. Thanks to its enduring value, invest ors will not feel the pinch of the economic falls. References Feiler, G 2006, 'Global Oil Trends and their Effect on the Middle East', Israel Affairs, 12, 4, pp. 698-714 Iranzo, P, Alsina, M, Martnez-De Pablo, I, Segura, S, Mascar, J, Herrero, C 2007, 'Gold: an old drug still working in refractory pemphigus', Journal Of The European Academy Of Dermatology Venereology, 21, 7, pp. 902-907 Lubienski, C, Jameson Brewer, T 2016, 'an Analysis of Voucher Advocacy: Taking a Closer Look at the Uses and Limitations of Gold Standard Research', Peabody Journal of Education (0161956X), 91, 4, pp. 455-472 Manheim, D 2010, 'Pearl's Golden Chain in The Scarlet Letter, Explicator, 68, 3, pp. 177-180 Rong, L, Lijian, Y 2008, 'Kernel estimation of multivariate cumulative distribution function', Journal Of Nonparametric Statistics, 20, 8, pp. 661-677 Roosmaa, E, Saar, E 2012, 'Participation in non-formal learning in EU-15 and EU-8 countries: demand and supply side factors', International Journal of Lifelong Education, 31, 4, pp. 477-501

A Work Community Problem of Communications

Question: Describe about a Report for A Work Community for the Problem of Communications. Answer: Identification of Challenges Faced by the Community Communication Problem: The problem in communication is one of the major problems that may hamper the functioning of an organization very deeply. An organization cannot grow and sustain in the long-run if it do not have an effective communication framework for communication of its daily functioning. The hindrance to communication in this case might be due to diversity of people which creates a language barrier and another issue that has been affecting the organization is prioritization of the personal issues at workplace (Baker and Warren 2015). Disputes: Prioritization of personal issues instead of having a common goal at workplace has been hampering the organization. The employees have the mentality of being jealous of fellow employees success as well as a consistent argument between the employees and their superiors which is due to excessive demands made by the superiors. Lack of Interest in Job: The excessive demands made by the superiors might give rise to lack of interest and dissatisfaction among the employees which may further give rise to under-performance by the employees due to the feeling of hopelessness against a particular task. Such situation creates a feeling in the mind of an individual that his/her skills do not match the requirement of the current job (Beehr 2014). Lack of Growth Opportunities: Lack of opportunities of promotion and growth added with growth and dissatisfaction and underperformance creates a feeling in the mind of an employee that he/she does not belong in the organization or he/she may deserve much better than the existing job profile. Solution to the Challenges and Goals Identified Effective Communication Model: The organization should develop an effective communication model to ensure smooth flow of communication in both upward and downward direction to have clarity of goals and objectives (Gordon 2015). Delegation of Authority and Responsibility: Each and every individuals authority and responsibility towards a particular work should be well defined and it should also mention the reporting head and extent of control the employee and the reporting head possess. Cordial Relation: The higher management should engage themselves in employees engagement programs. Doing this would help in create a better understanding of each other and will further reduce the friction between the employees and the superiors and would further improve the work environment. Equal Employment and Growth Opportunity: The management should set a code of conduct which would aim at non-discrimination at workplace and promote equal employment and growth opportunity. This would create a feeling among the employees that their talent is being valued. Democratic Leadership: The organization should encourage the employees to participate in the decision making process so that the employees may share their creative ideas and suggestion towards the improvement of the work environment. This would help in team building and enhanced organizational performance (Hendriks and Karsten 2014). Rational Needs of Work Communitys Mission and Values Clarity of Task and its Magnitude and Control: The organization should clearly define the task assigned to each individual and the degree to which they have to work and the controlling authority. Further, the organization should clearly state that no additional work should be assigned to the individual beyond the defined task and nobody should shoulder the task of their fellow workers tasks. Ethical Code of Conduct: The organization should establish a set of ethical code of conduct that defines the dos and donts within the organization. In case, any such codes are breached by the employees, they would be penalized for the misconduct. This would further help in reducing discrimination at workplace. Team Work: The management should engage the employees in various collective works to enhance their relationship and further improve communication. Doing such things would help in team building and improve the work culture and work environment. Employee Engagement Program: The employees from various departments should be encouraged to participate in fun sessions such as indoor sports, quizzes, excursions and many other activities. This would give a boost to their learning experience and help in team building. Feedback Mechanism: The management should devise a feedback mechanism to deal with deal with the problems and complaints from the employees. It would further be helpful for the management to understand the attitude of the employees towards the management. Sort of Knowledge Included to Establish Positive Power Relationship Appreciate Mutual Responsibilities and Anticipations: The management and the employees should appreciate and respect each others responsibilities and expectations. The employees should collectively work towards the achievement of organizational objectives and the management should meet the needs and demands of its employees. Analytical Thinking: The management should critically analyze various patterns across different situation and should identify critical issues under various circumstances (org 2016). Diplomatic Sensitivity: The management should have the ability to understand precisely the partially uttered thoughts or unspoken words, emotions and sentiments of others (Robles 2012). Negotiation: The management should always work towards a win-win situation. The management should have a clear understanding of the employees needs and respond to their needs accordingly. Confidence Building: Giving certain degree of independence to the employees would help the management in building the confidence of the employees. Celebrating the success of the employees and appreciating their contribution will further help in team building. Ethical Considerations Breach of Codes of Conduct: The breach of codes of conduct should be treated as a serious misconduct and must be dealt with in a reasonable manner. For example, if an employee is suspected in an act of racial discrimination or sexual harassment, then the employee should be punished for such offence (Leipziger 2015). Favoritism: The employer must not favor any particular employee with respect to bonuses or promotions by neglecting much more deserving and eligible employees. Such conducts are highly unethical at workplace and should be avoided on highest priority. Termination of Employee: The employer should not terminate an employee without prior notice. In case, the employer wishes to terminate an employee, the employee should be served with prior notice for minimum one or two months duration. Links to Organizations and Institutions That Chosen Community Could Benefit From Knowing More About Vodafone and Suncorp Bank are some of the organization which is top rated in Australia for their work culture and ethical business practices. Vodafone supports the interests and likes of its employees and encourages them to pursue it and the company also gives its employees to work with people from all over the world. Suncorp Bank enables its employees with facility of flexible work time, career breaks, job share in order to maintain a work life balance. The bank further encourages its employees to participate in the decision making irrespective of their designation (businessreviewaustralia.com 2016). References Baker, T. and Warren, A., 2015. The Nine Common Barriers to Communication. InConversations at Work(pp. 54-74). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Beehr, T.A., 2014.Psychological stress in the workplace (Psychology revivals). Routledge. businessreviewaustralia.com. (2016)./top10/1716/Top-10-companies-to-work-for-in-Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/top10/1716/Top-10-companies-to-work-for-in-Australia [Accessed 22 Oct. 2016]. Gordon, G., 2015. MGMT 301-04 Managerial Communication. Hendriks, F. and Karsten, N., 2014. Theory of democratic leadership.P.'t Hart R. Rhodes (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political leadership, pp.41-56. Leipziger, D., 2015.The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. oecd.org. (2016).careers/competency_framework_en.pdf. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/careers/competency_framework_en.pdf [Accessed 22 Oct. 2016]. Robles, M.M., 2012. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), pp.453-465.

Advancements essays

Advancements essays Some of the advancements made in technology during the 1790s started off when the industry could not be stimulated overnight, because it required technology and the willingness of businessmen to invest time and capital for the long term. In 1788, the Pennsylvania Society for the encouragement of Manufactures and the useful arts introduced spinning jennies to their textile factory in Philadelphia. The jennies threatened to displace home spinners by producing cheaper yarn and thread. Another brand new technology that appeared was in 1790, Samuel Slater brought a new phase in American cloth production by building a textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, using water power to run the sinning machines. No satisfactory power loom existed, so Slaters mill performed only the first two steps of cloth production (preparing the cloth fibers for spinning, and spinning the thread.) He then used the putting-out system of distributing the thread to families, who produced the cloth at home. One more person who made an impact on the advancement of technology in the 1790s was Oliver Evans. He apprenticed as a wagon maker and became intrigued with machines. Evans heard that the Scottish inventor James Watt improved the steam engine a few years earlier. Evans began building his own model but for lack of money, thirty years passed before he actually installed a high pressure steam engine in his gypsum fertilizer factory in Philadelphia. This was the first such application of steam power to an industrial setting. Evans also developed the idea of automating mills. He devised water powered machinery for large grist mills that allowed one worker instead of three to supervise all the steps of producing flour. ...

Was European War inevitable in 1939 essays

Was European War inevitable in 1939 essays Was European War inevitable in 1939? In order to answer that question, one must consider the causes of the war and the circumstances that led to the tremendous success of the Nationalist-Socialist party in the first place. Also, had Hitler planned a European War or at least considered it? Facts are that after the treaty of Versailles Germany was left with the sole war guilt, with hardly any military forces and with a great loss of territory in Eastern Europe. In the public mind the harsh terms of the treaty of Versailles and the hard economics of the Great Depression seem to be two standard explanations. For almost a decade Germany was excluded from the international community. It did not join the League of Nations until 1926 or participate in the Olympics until 1928. The German inflation was devastating due to reckless wartime borrowing and fiscally disastrous post-war expenditures. Long-term unemployment was affecting blue-collar workers as well as white-collar workers, men, women and children were malnourished and many lost their confidence in the government. Between 1928 and 1932 suicide rates increased 14 percent for men, 19 percent for women . But not only had the economic troubles supported Hitlers rise, as inflation is far too facile an explanation . These factors, however, are the foundation on which building up a dictatorship was enabled. Was the European War inevitable? Had Hitler shown more modesty concerning his imperial goals and less eagerness for war in his politics, of course the war could have been prevented. If Great Britain had not pursued its appeasement policy and the United States of America had acted less isolationistic it could have been prevented too, or at least brought to a halt at a very early stage. The problem with these assumptions is that they are unhistorical by their nature, as Hitler would not have been himself without his longing for expansion, Great Britain without its appeasement s...

Marriage & Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marriage & Family - Essay Example By the 19th century, it relaxed its ruling, accepting public cohabitation as sufficient excuse for the validity of a marriage. However, later in that century, the US again took an active role in controlling who was allowed to marry who, with certain populations prohibited from marrying. Marriage licences were requirements in the provision of certain federal benefits and privileges for legal dependents. For example, in distributing benefits to employees’ children such as medical insurance, the employees should first present marriage licenses as proof that their children were legally their own. The same goes for inheriting properties from partners. Spouses should be able to present a marriage license in order to claim inheritance from their deceased husbands/ wives. That meant that illegitimate children did not have a claim to their parents’ resources simply because they were borne out of wedlock. Nowadays, due to strong advocacy for children’s rights, a marriage l icense no longer has the power to strip â€Å"illegitimate† spouses and children from claiming their rights to an inheritance. This way, the government accedes to the reality that everyone should be given what is due them with or without the proof of a marriage license. Coontz’ claims that people need the state’s permission to marry may be easily interpreted as the state having authority over who a citizen should marry. In a sense, there is value in that, as it serves as protection for individuals who are not aware that the person they are marrying may already be married, hence, leaving him or her to be a second priority or an illegitimate spouse. One should be ensured that his or her marriage is valid or legal under the law to be protected of his or her marital rights. Being licitly married means being permitted by society, and not forbidden. It is possible to have a valid but not licit marriage. One example is a marriage between a legally married black

An analysis of how 'management via accounting' can be applied to keep Essay

An analysis of how 'management via accounting' can be applied to keep fuel costs as low as possible at a low-cost airline, w - Essay Example This management essay is going to provide complete solutions and management measure for airline fuel management. These solutions cover fuel forecasting and planning, procurement, inventory and logistic management, contract management, and accounting and tax management. As a result, finance and purchase teams acquire a complete overview of airline inventory and obligation when they hedge and purchase fuel. Airline companies’ accounting management can automate and reduce fuel costs by processing of both financial derivatives and physical fuel purchases used in hedging. Therefore, the accounting department should come up with aggregated financial-physical fuel view positions and cost risk exposure (Calder, 2013:9). In fuel planning and budgeting, the accounting department must conduct an analysis of â€Å"what-if† situations such as changes in the type of aircraft used, introduction of new airports and routes, and forward cost curves. In addition, the accounts department m ust be able to report on actual fuel costs versus forecasted fuel costs to enable it calculate the airlines hedged fuel plan (Calder, 2013:9). Airline accounts management can effectively curl fuel use and get investments directly to the company’s bottom line through operating efficiently. ... lancing method ensure an favorable centre of gravity for all airplanes, the airport entrance planning is considered to ensure low fuel burn on the entrance grounds, and ensure there are daily operations improvement to recover from trouble shooting activities hence limiting burning of wasted fuel (Centre for Aviation, 2013). Currently, all airlines’ accounting departments must ensure that they have Fuel management information system, which is imperative to monitor fuel expenses and assist the accountants in coming up with effective solutions to minimize fuel costs. This is because airline fuel cost has become the biggest cost ranging between 25% and 50% of annual airline expenditure in all airlines across the world. Airline calculations indicate that one dollar rise in fuel cost is equivalent to 1.6 billion dollars expenses of an entire airline company. It is highly important for airline accounting department to develop effective fuel management software such as FuelPlus Softwa re (Calder, 2013:9). This efficient fuel expense and management software in the accounting department can bring massive positive effect on the progressive running of an airline operation and cause a direct effect on the airlines profitability, sustainability, and competitiveness (Channel 4 Dispatches, 2013). As reported by Centre for Aviation (CAPA) recently, the financial optimism is now becoming the main cause of higher fuel prices. Whilst in the old days, Fuel management system was seen as primarily a method of bringing commercial advantages, it is currently becoming an important element of an airline expense management toolkit. Fuel management is not just monitoring operational information, but also a widespread enterprise that involves all departments in the airport. The accounting

Vygotsky’s Theory

Vygotsky’s Theory Explain and Evaluate Vygotskys Theory of the Role of Language in Childrens Cognitive Development Vygotsky described developmental changes in childrens thinking in terms of cultural tools; they use these to make sense of their world. Generally, they use technical tools to change objects or gain mastery over the environment. Moreover, they used psychological tools to organise behavior or thought. According to Vygotskys view, society shapes a childs mind through the transmission of tools which are appropriate for their culture. Both the culture and the childs experiences are necessary to understand childrens cognitive development (â€Å"Social Development Theory,† n.d.) Vygotskys theory was an attempt to explain awareness the product of socialization. For example, in the learning of language or first words, peers or adults are noticing the first utterance and the purpose of communication but after they recognize that they become internalized and allow â€Å"inner speech† (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Vygotsky believed that language was one of the most important psychological tools that effects childrens cognitive development. He identified that there are three different stages in the childrens use of language. Firstly, language is an essential factor for communication (social speech). Next, children begin to use egocentric or private speech to control their own thinking. The last stage is language development. Children use verbal thoughts to guide what they are thinking and their actions. (referance). Vygotsky also believed that language and thought first become independent after them being interdependent. He suggested that attainment of a new word was the beginning of the development of a concept. This is supported by a classic study by Carmichael (1932) who gave participants one of two labels for certain drawings. A kidney shape was described either kidney bean or canoe. Following that participants were asked to draw the shape. If the drawing was different form their label according to which label they had been given. As a result of this words can help us to remember things. On the other hand, Sinclair- de -Zward (1969) tried to teach children who could not use comparative terms that were not in their vocabulary. (p116). Such as, bigger or shorter, she found that there was very little improvement in their ability to conserve. The major theme of Vygotskys theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. Vygotsky (1978) states: Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals. (p57). Moreover, Vygotsky also identified three concepts in particular for cognitive development to proceed effectively. â€Å"The zone of proximal development is the distance between what children can do by themselves and the next learning that they can be helped to achieve with competent assistance† (Raymond, 2000, p.176). The scaffolding teaching strategy provides individualized support based on the learners ZPD (Chang, Sung, Chen, 2002). The first is the Zone of proximal development. This zone describes the range of difficult tasks or it is very hard for the learners complete this task alone. However, learners can complete this task with appropriate assistance or someone who is more knowledgeable. Thus according to Vygotsky, cognitive development will occur when a learner is confronted by a task that lies within the zone, if a task is easy to complete for task learners then no cognitive development will occur. Also if the task is too hard for a learner to complete the task alone or even with assistance then no cognitive development will occur. (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Evidence for ZPD was produced by McNaughton and Leyland (1990). They observed young children working with their mothers on jigsaw puzzles of increasing difficulty and then after one week the child was working on their own. The children reached higher difficulty when working with their mother. Thus it is explaining their ZPD. The Zone of Proximal Development was related to a kind of scaffolding which is used by the mothers. The mothers were worried about keeping their child on task. During this time generally mothers were focused on helping the children solve the puzzle for themselves, Previous studies looked at middle- income families. Researchers suggested that using different ZPD â€Å"region of sensitivity to instruction,† this term using for mothers and preschoolers in a copying task and it is help to predict childrens subsequent skills on this task. Furthermore, researchers found some differences in how well mothers change their level of encouragement style based on the childs performance (â€Å"i.e., providing less support after the child succeeded and more support after failure† and these differences were also helping to predict a childrens ability to gain understanding and learn information . (Wood et al., 1976; Wood Middleton, 1975). The second concept is that the scaffolding which describes the nature of the assistantce given by the more knowledgeable person. In this time the learner completes the task with the Zone of Proximal development (with assistance). Infants cognitive development depends on the assistance level. If the assistance is great at first and then it is slightly reduced as the learners skill improves, ultimately, the learner will be able to complete the task but the cognitive development will only continue if the task is replaced with another task or a more complex task which is modified to the new zone. (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Vygotsky defined scaffolding instruction as the â€Å"role of teachers and others in supporting the learners development and providing support structures to get to that next stage or level† (Raymond, 2000, p. 176).An important aspect of scaffolding instruction is that the scaffolds are temporary. As the learners abilities increase the scaffolding provided by the more knowledgeable other is progressively withdrawn. Finally the learner is able to complete the task or master the concepts independently (Chang, Sung, Chen, 2002, p. 7). Therefore, the goal of the teacher when using the scaffolding teaching technique is for the student to become an independent and self- regulating learner and problem solver (Hartman, 2002). There is one study which examined the relation of maternal scaffolding and childrens attention regulation abilities in preschool children from low-income families within the context of a parent-child interaction task and in a child-alone task. According to this maternal scaffolding behaviors are different between mothers of children with attention regulation skills. For example, whose children show poor attention regulation skills, it emerges that parent and child interactions are more likely to engage verbally with their children, more strategic questions, â€Å"verbal hints and verbal prompt† (Olson and Platt, 2000, p.180). The amount of childrens attention regulation skills is related to the mothers level of scaffolding to predict child performance when they are alone to complete a task. Attention regulation skills are also related to independent performance when contexts including high maternal scaffolding. Findings provide important information parents promote attention regulation skills in children especially who are at risk for poor academic outcomes (Blair, 2002; Sethi, Mischel, Aber, Shoda, Rodriguez, 2000). The current study focused on a parent-child puzzle matching task to understand how children regulate their attention process when with their mother and when alone. How specific mothers behavior are related to childrens abilities to understand to regulate their own behavior and transfer these abilities to independent tasks. Researchers especially focused on verbal behaviors of mothers which are related to childrens attention regulation skills. (Norman, Breznitz, 1992) Researchers have focused on different socioeconomic status in families. An empirical research has exposed that there has been significant differences in interactional characteristics in families of different socioeconomic levels (Gottfried, 1984; Hart Risley, 1992, 1995; Heath, 1989). According to research results show that different socioeconomic status has been shown to influence the nature parent-child interactions. Another research was done by Wood (1976) who observed children aged 4-5 who were working with their mother on problem solving tasks. Some mothers gave verbal encouragement and others more specific help including demonstrations of what to do. The most effective strategy was combined both general and specific instructions, the mother was adapting to the learners achievement and failures. The mother gave instructions when the learner had difficulty but mothers gave general encouragement when the child was coping well. Kopp (1987) reported that specific types of control technique used by caregivers affected childrens self regulation skills. For instance, middle income families who encouraged their children to be independen,t their children were more likely to have low rate on impulsivity, problems of cconcentration and hyperactivity, and high on self-control measures. Similarly, Grolnick and Ryan (1989) have found that high levesl of parental support of independence was associated with more self regulation and they are more likely to less acting behavior. Based on these studies, the amount of caregiver control affects childs behavior and it is also related to childrens self- regulation abilities. When children get older parents give their children a number of responsibilities for example, children become independent regulators of their own thinking processes. According to Vygotsky (1978) view of socio-cognitive transaction makes it easy to improve childrens cognitive development is the ability to become same structure situation like an adults, it is depends to the childs ability levels. The third concept is psychological tools give another reason that â€Å"social interaction† is an essential factor in cognitive development. Psychological tools are â€Å"intellectual mechanisms or operations† which people use to examine their environment and interact with others. Here is some examples of psychological tools â€Å"written language, symbols, maps and scientific method and oral language† (Gredler and Shields, 2004). Evaluation of Vygotskys theory; There has been very little empirical investigation research on Vygorskys theory however there are much more research on Piagets theory. Further limitation relates to Vygotskys social emphasis. Whereas Piagets give minimise attention to social influences, Vygotskys give too much weight to social influences. There has been also some strengths, for example, Vygotskys approach provides an association between social and cognitive domains. (Vygotsky, 1978) There are a number of important distinctions between Piagets and Vygotskys theories. The most important ones are that teachers worry about the role of language and learning in development. But Piaget believed that egocentric speech is not a useful function in young childrens development. Vygotsky argued that egocentric speech is the way children recognise and regulate their thoughts and actions. Piaget claimed that childrens development is limited and it is associated with what children are able to learn from social experiences (Vygotsky, 1978) Vygotsky( 1934/1986) disagree with Piagets conclusions. Language helps children to think about mental abilities, behaviors and select courses of action. He believed that it is the foundation for all higher cognitive processes including controlled attention, deliberate memorization, recall categorization, planning problem solving, abstract reasoning and self reflection. Vygotskys view is that children speak themselves for self guidance. When they get older they find some tasks easier, their self directed speech isinternalised as salient in inner speech and the internal speech verbal dialogs people always carry on while thinking and acting in everyday situations. ( Vygotsky, 1986) To conclude vygotskys theory of socio-cultural theory is important to understand child cognitive development. Especially, he divided into three concepts which gave more clear information and each zone gives completely different information. However there have been some negative aspects of this theory, it does not tell how children internalize social experience to advance their mental functioning. He just gave a little information about biological contributions to childs cognition. However, his theory emphasised cognitive change Vygotsky theory leads up to expect diverse path of development. ( Vygotsky, 1978) References: Blair, C. (2002). Integrating cognition and emotion in a neurobiological conceptualization of childrens functioning at school entry. American Psychologist, 57, 111−127. Bransford, J., Brown, A., Cocking, R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, and Experience School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Chang, K., Chen, I., Sung, Y. (2002). The effect of concept mapping to enhance text comprehension and summarization. The Journal of Experimental Education 71(1), 5-23. Hartman, H. (2002). Scaffolding Cooperative Learning. Human Learning and Instruction (pp. 23-69). New York: City College of City University of New York. Hart, B., Risley, T. R. (1992). American parenting of language-learning children: Persisting differences in family-child interactions observed in natural home environments. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1096−1105. Hart, B., Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Heath, S. B. (1989). Oral and literate traditions among Black Americans living in poverty. American Psychologist, 44, 367−373. Kopp, C. B. (1987). The growth of self-regulation: Caregivers and children. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Contemporary topics in developmental psychology (pp. 34−35). New York: Wiley. Gredler, M., Shields, C. (2004). Does no one read Vygotskys words? Commentary on Glass Commentary on Glassman. Educational Researcher, 33(2), 21 25. Gottfried, A. W. (1984). Home environment and early cognitive environment. Integration, meta-analysis, and conclusions. In A. W. Gottfried (Ed.), Home environment and early cognitive development: Longitudinal research (pp. 329−342). Orlando, FL: Academic Pres Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with childrens self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 143−154 Norman, G., Breznitz, Z. (1992). Difference in the ability to concentrate in first grade Israeli pupils of low and high socioeconomic status. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153, 5−17. Olson, J. and Platt, J. (2000). The Instructional Cycle. Teaching Children and Adolescents with Special Needs (pp. 170-197). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc Raymond, E. (2000). Cognitive Characteristics. Learners with Mild Disabilities (pp. 169-201). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn Bacon, A Pearson Education Company. Sethi, A., Mischel, W., Aber, J. L., Shoda, Y., Rodriguez, M. L. (2000). The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers delay of gratification from mother-toddler interactions. Developmental Psychology, 36, 767−777. Social Development Theory. (No date). Retrieved November 3, 2002, from http:// tip.psychology.org/vygotsky.html Norman, G., Breznitz, Z. (1992). Difference in the ability to concentrate in first grade Israeli pupils of low and high socioeconomic status. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153, 5−17. Vygotsky, L.S. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vygotsky, Lev. 1986. Thought and Language (translated by Alex Kozulin). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. (Original work published 1934.) Wertsch, J.V. (1985). Cultural, Communication, and Cognition: Vygotskian Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Wood, D., Bruner, J., Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Child Psychiatry, 17, 89−100. Wood, D., Middleton, D. (1975). A study of assisted problem-solving. British Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 181−191.

Political and social changes in Rome as a result of the wars

The most obvious were the increased role of the senate, the influx of wealth that arrived in Rome and the introduction of Hellenize. It is believed that these changes were not just the beginnings of the downfall of the republic, but of the entire Roman Empire. Indeed, Assault, writing in the first century BC states that although â€Å"every land and sea lay open to her. It was then that fortune turned unkind and confounded all her enterprises. The senate was already a powerful body in Romeos government, these events, forever greatly increased its power. Constitutionally, the senate was an advisory body; the Alex Horniness, passed in 287, gave the power to make decisions to the Continuum Plebes. In practice, however, the senate was the governing body of Rome and It ruled unchallenged throughout the second century. This power was obtained through Its successful control over Romeos wars of expansion. In fact, the crisis caused by the Second Punic War helped the senate's rise to power m ore than any other single factor.The senate consisted of ex-magistrates who had an enormous amount of experience in government. These senators took control of Rome and showed real leadership, particularly after Canaan. They provided loans, slaves for the army and food and arms, thus ending the war successfully and increasing their prestige. The Influence the senate held over the magistrates was another factor In their Increased power. Even though Roman magistrates were not obliged to seek or follow the senate's advice, they would usually submit all important issues to the senate before showing them to the assemblies.The senators would have been able to keep a tight control on the actions of the magistrates even if they didn't volunteer heir plans. The senate could find another magistrate to veto any unsatisfactory motion they put forward. The Alex Villa Annalist was passed in 181 as a check on any over-ambitious magistrate, It gave the senate the power to control the actions of cons uls and procrastinates such as Gossip Africans who ruled unchallenged in Spain for 10 years.The influx of wealth that arrived in Rome led to the deterioration of traditional values. The booty and riches from the successful wars against Hannibal and Macedonia allowed the upper classes to spend lavishly on food, houses, works of art and other expensive goods. This led to a gradual decline In morals as their wealth led to increased greed and laziness. The upper classes â€Å"treated their wealth as a mere plaything† according to Assault.There were attempts from the conservative faction of the senate, specifically from Coat the Elder, to limit the extravagance of the ruling classes. The laws they put in place were, however, very difficult to enforce and, unsurprisingly, quite unpopular. An example of this is the Poplar law which was passed In 215. It attempted to restrict the amount of Jewelry and expensive clothing o the civilized society he expected of Rome, especially during o ne of the most taxing wars in Romeos history.As the nobles of Rome competed for popularity among the masses, they poured more and more money into the public games. This is another example of the deterioration of the moss moratorium as the new events became more violent and brutal, this had an adverse affect on the character of those who watched them. The money that flowed into Rome as a result of these wars was therefore a huge factor in the deterioration of the traditional Roman way of life. The wars with Greece exposed the Romans to the cultural influences of the Hellenic world.Perhaps the most important outcome of the wars of expansion was the introduction of Hellenize to Rome, the extent to which the Romans were affected by the Greeks is shown in the writing of Horace who states that â€Å"captive Greece had captivated her barbarous conqueror†. Greek culture influenced many things about Roman daily life but the most predominant aspects were religion and education and the reaction to those changes was twofold. Plutarch says that many upper class citizens were happy to see their sons educated in Greek culture and religion, two of these philistines were Gossip Africans and Flamingos.The conservatives, such as Coat, were worried that the ambitions of the younger generations were tainted by Greek learning and that their new ideas would undermine the existing customs in Rome. The result was a widespread blend of traditional Roman values and the new Hellenic ideas which produced a Graces-Roman society. The wars of expansion were a massive event in shaping the political and social structure of Rome. This is shown through the increase in the power of the senate, the influx of wealth that flowed into Rome and the introduction of Hellenize to Roman society.